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Planar Magnetic Loudspeakers and Ribbon Tweeters

Planar magnetic drivers and ribbon tweeters have numerous advantages over traditional dynamic speakers. Their large diaphragms require very little movement (excursion) to reproduce the same volume as a conventional driver, which results in extremely low distortion.

They also have a dipolar radiation pattern which means they radiate equally to the front and rear of the speaker.

High-Resolution Sound

Planar and ribbon magnetic speakers are famous for their ability to create precise, clear sound. They are known for delivering high-resolution sound that reveals subtle variations in music that other drivers aren't able to reproduce or show.

In addition to their remarkable precision In addition to their impressive accuracy, ribbon and planar drivers provide superior sound staging, allowing them to reproduce an expansive soundstage with exceptional clarity. This makes them a fantastic choice for audiophiles as well as home theater enthusiasts who wish to listen to music to the maximum extent possible.

Planar and ribbon drivers can be distinguished by their dipole pattern. This pattern radiates equal amounts of energy front and back in an inverted phase, resulting in a natural soundstage. This, along with their broad dispersion, makes them ideal for large rooms, where they can fill the room with a broad and natural soundstage, while avoiding unnatural reflections off walls and furniture.

Planar magnetic drivers also have a rapid response time, which allows to reproduce transients with greater precision and speed than traditional cone drivers. This results in a clear and detailed sound, even at high frequencies.

Another advantage of planar magnetic drivers is their low distortion. This is because they do not use a voice coil, but instead an electrostatic field. This allows the diaphragm to move without creating vibrations that can cause unwanted distortion.

In addition, the distance between the magnets in the planar driver is larger than that of a traditional cone speaker. This results in a greater frequency response and less distortion at lower amplitudes and still provides good bass performance.

While many of the benefits of planar magnetic drivers are appealing, they do have some limitations that must be taken into consideration. For instance, they could be quite expensive and may require more power than other types of speakers. They can also be heavy, making it difficult to fit them into specific spaces. Additionally, they are sensitive to the sound of the room and require a lot of room treatment to achieve optimal performance. There are ways to minimize the issues. For example, you can add an attenuation resistance (provided with speakers) and put it in the attenuation setting. You can also apply a variety of room treatment.

Wide Dispersion

Similar to electrostatic speakers, planar magnetic speakers produce sound by controlling the electrical charge that travels through wires that are suspended between magnets. However, they directly move a flat diaphragm instead than an electrostatic charge, which gives them a larger surface area and greater precision. This allows them to be integrated into smaller and more affordable speakers and headsets than electrostatic models.

Planar drivers are not just capable of dispersing sound effectively they also offer superior imaging and clarity in the higher frequencies. This is a huge advantage for audiophiles who like listening to their favourite music or films in a large living room or other open space.

Furthermore the planar drivers can also produce deep bass as they can be augmented by boxed woofers that are attached to or separate from the diaphragm-like ribbon. This is in contrast to traditional cone speaker woofers that are usually located at the bottom of the cabinet, which is a place which is unable to reproduce bass frequencies due to the physical limitations of the enclosure that houses the woofer.

Another advantage of a planar driver is its exceptionally low distortion that is directly related to the size and the excursion of the diaphragm, which is shaped like a ribbon. This means that the planar speaker can deliver an enormous amount of sound with very little distortion, which is why it can produce such crisp and precise reproduction.

In comparison the dynamic drivers utilized in traditional planars headphones and speakers typically exhibit significant amounts of distortion when they are driven to the limits of extreme excursion. As a result, dynamic drivers often create a booming or hollow sound.

In addition, planar magnetic drives are also extremely efficient. They consume less energy to drive, resulting in a lower power consumption and environmental impact. Additionally, their diaphragms are typically made of lighter materials than traditional speakers, which reduces the amount of energy needed to propel them to produce the desired sound pressure.

While many audiophiles are familiar with planar/ribbon loudspeakers - particularly the ones made by Magnepan, Infinity, and Apogee Acoustics - a new generation of brands is making their debut. New planar loudspeakers made by companies like Clarisys Audio and Diptyque, for instance, are incorporating the most recent advancements in ribbon technology.

Low Distortion

Planar magnetic speakers exhibit extremely low distortion because they don't use the traditional dome-shaped diaphragm or cone. This is the direct consequence of their unique design which eliminates the voice coil inductance that is associated with conventional dynamic speaker drivers (see U.S. Patent 6,353,560). This guarantees that the diaphragm is never out of phase with the magnetic field around it, which results in a constant output. Typically, planar Magnetic loudspeakers distortion only occurs when high-amplitude waveforms are reproduced. With a planar magnetic single-ended driver, distortion is virtually nonexistent at all frequencies above the bass.

Planar magnetic loudspeakers can be very efficient and have a very low distortion. This allows the drive to use less energy than other technologies for speakers. This results in lower cost of ownership and lower energy consumption.

The distortion of planar magnetic drivers is considerably less than conventional dynamic speakers, and more than electrostatic speakers. This is due to the fact that the planar magnet driver's flat diaphragm features a conductor trace that lets it react to magnetic fields created on either side.

These two magnets must be placed with care to ensure that the voice element is optimally located within the magnetic field at all times. This is what enables the extremely linear performance of planar magnetic drivers in all frequencies above the bass.

While there are numerous benefits to planar magnetic drivers, the most notable is that they are able to be constructed to be either dipole (radiating equally and in opposing phases in front and back of the speaker similar to an ESL) or Monopole (radiating forward, much like an old-fashioned dynamic). This opens the door for an array of possible designs, particularly when paired with the ribbon tweeter.

Many planar magnetic loudspeakers are available today from manufacturers like Hifiman, Dan Clark, Audeze and Fostex. Each brand has its own distinctive sound, which is a result of their proprietary driver designs and other technological innovations. The commonality among these speakers is their incredible clarity, dynamics, and controlled control of directivity.

High Power Handling

Planar magnetic speakers can handle more power than traditional dynamic moving coil drivers without the audible strain and stress that they can cause. This is because the "voice coil" is spread across an extensive area instead of being squeezed into a narrow gap between the cone and the basket like traditional dynamic drivers. This gives the voice coil more surface area to absorb any heat.

Another reason why planar magnetic drivers are able to handle so much power is due to having such a low mass in comparison to conventional drivers. Dynamic drivers have thick, heavy diaphragms which are several orders of magnitude thicker and heavier than the ultra-light diaphragms that are found in planar magnetic drive. Because of their mass, conventional diaphragms require a greater amount of force to move forwards and backwards (a measurement known as excursion) to create an appropriate level of sound pressure.

As a result they aren't able to be driven as hard as a planar magnetic driver could because the voice coil could begin to generate substantial amounts of distortion. It's therefore important to buy loudspeakers that are rated for the amplifier you plan to use.

The high excitation of a planar magnetic driver also enables it to create a larger soundstage than conventional drivers. This is because the entire diaphragm vibrates to create a flat, even wavefront instead of the more focused spherical wavefront common in conventional drivers. This wider soundstage also increases the precision and clarity of the speakers, allowing them to better reproduce details and complex sounds.

The disadvantage of the superior power handling capabilities of planar magnetic drivers is that they are often more expensive to produce and require more powerful amplifiers to operate at maximum capacity. They can also be heavy and bulky, which can make them difficult to install in certain environments. They also tend to have a limited bass response, meaning that you may have to add a subwoofer your system to achieve satisfying results at lower frequencies.