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How a Planar Magnetic Diaphragm Headphone Driver Works

Typically, dynamic drivers feature a voice coil that is connected to the center of a conical diaphragm. When an electrical signal flows through a voice coil the diaphragm shifts.

The force is only applied to a tiny portion of the diaphragm and it's hard to move different points simultaneously. This can lead to breakup patterns which can cause distortion.

Detailed Sound

Many audiophiles are looking to get an accurate sound from their headphones. This can be achieved by using the planar diaphragm. This kind of headphone driver functions in a similar fashion as cone drivers with dynamic characteristics, but with much more modern technology behind it.

A best planar magnetic headphones diaphragm is a flat piece of material placed inside the frame of a headphone and constructed of a light and light material. It's designed to be as homogeneous as possible and its flat surface allows an evenly distributed pressure across the whole surface which improves sound clarity.

The flat shape of a planar diaphragm magnetic diaphragm creates a more controlled soundstage. A more focused wavefront leads to better sound staging which helps you identify the exact location of an vocal or instrument on the track. This is an advantage over the more spherical waves typical of dynamic drivers.

Contrary to traditional dynamic drivers which use a voice coil that's located near the center of a plastic or paper cone, a planar diaphragm utilizes a series of magnets on both sides of its flat surface. The electric current that flows through the voice coil interacts with these magnets, causing the diaphragm and produce sound. Because the entire diaphragm can be driven at the same time, there are no breakup modes, mechanical filtering, transmission delay or local resonances that can adversely affect sound quality.

A diaphragm that is smooth and uniform can also accelerate more quickly than a thicker, heavier one used in dynamic drivers. According to the laws of physics, force is proportional to mass and acceleration. This means that the faster a driver's diaphragm moves and the greater force they exert. This gives planar magnetic drivers more precise bass response and superior detail retrieval.

Of course, the benefits of a planar magnetic driver don't come without cost. Because they feature a complex motor system and a large diaphragm, they usually cost more than dynamic drivers, weigh more and require a higher-powered amplifier to work properly. Nevertheless, many planar magnetic headphone manufacturers can make the most of their technology to make high-performance headphones at competitive prices. Audeze LCD-4, HiFiMAN Susvara are a few examples.

High Sensitivity

Planar drivers differ from moving coil drivers used in most headphones or IEMs in that they utilize a flat membrane instead of a traditional dome or cone shaped membrane. As an electrical signal moves through it, it interacts with the magnets as well as the diaphragm to create sound waves. The diaphragm that is flat is able to respond quickly to sound, and can produce a wide spectrum of frequencies from lows to highs.

A key benefit of the planar magnetic design is that it's much more sensitive than other types of headphone drivers. They may utilize a diaphragm that can be several times larger than a typical planar headphone. This creates an incredible quantity of dynamic range and clarity, allowing you to hear every detail your music can offer.

Planar magnetic drivers also produce an extremely constant driving force across the diaphragm. This reduces breakup and produces an undistorted and smooth sound. This is particularly important for high-frequency sound, where breakup can be audible and distracting. This is achieved in the FT5 by making use of a material called polyimide which is both ultralight and extremely durable, and also a sophisticated design of conductors that eliminates distortion in intermodulation caused by inductance.

OPPO's planar magnetic drivers also have better coherence in phase, audiophiles which means that when a wavefront enters our ear canal, it has a perfectly flat and unaltered shape. Dynamic drivers however they have a spherical-shaped wavefront that disrupts this coherence and causes poor signal peak reconstructions particularly in high frequencies. This is another reason why OPPO's headphones sound so realistic and natural, and extremely precise.

Wide Frequency Response

A planar magnetic diaphragm has the ability to reproduce sounds with much wider frequencies than conventional dynamic drivers due to the fact that their diaphragm is thin and light in weight. moves in a very controlled way. This enables them to deliver excellent transient response, which makes them a great choice for audiophiles that require quick responses from their speakers and headphones to reproduce the finest detail in music.

This flat design also allows them to have a more uniform soundstage than regular headphones that use dynamic drivers that are coiled. They are also less susceptible to leakage - the sound that leaks out of the headphone cups into the surrounding environment. In certain situations, this could be a problem, as it can distract the listener, and make them lose focus when listening to music. In other cases it can be beneficial as it lets listeners enjoy music in public areas without worrying about disturbing people close by.

Instead of using a coil that sits behind a cone-shaped diaphragm, planar magnetic headphones feature conductors arranged on the thin film of the diaphragm. The conductor is suspended in between two magnets and when an electrical signal is applied to the array it becomes electromagnetic which causes the magnetic forces on either side of the diaphragm to interact each with each other. This is what makes the diaphragm vibrate and produce an audio wave.

The low distortion is due to the uniform motion of the thin, lightweight diaphragm as well as the fact that the force is evenly dispersed across its surface. This is a major improvement over traditional dynamic drivers which have been known to cause distortion at very high levels of listening.

Some high-end headphones still use the old school moving coil design, however the majority of HiFi audio enthusiasts are now adopting a long-forgotten technology and a new generation of incredible sounding planar magnetic headphones. Some of these models require a premium amp to provide power. But for those who are able to afford it, they can provide an experience unlike any other headphones. They deliver a deep and clear sound without the distortion you get with other kinds of headphones.

Minimal Inertia

Due to their design they are extremely light and move much faster than conventional drivers. This means that they reproduce audio signals with greater precision and can be tuned for a wider range of frequencies. They also give an authentic sound and have less distortion than traditional dynamic speakers.

The two rows of magnets inside a planar magnetic driver generate equal and uniform magnetic forces across the entire surface of the diaphragm. This prevents unwanted and unnecessary distortion. Because the force applied to the lightweight diaphragm is distributed evenly it is able to be controlled more precisely. This permits the diaphragm to be able to move in a precise pistonic motion, leading to an accurate and smooth music reproduction.

Planar magnetic drivers are able to achieve very high levels of performance at a minimal weight, making them ideal for portable headphones. They can also be made to provide the widest range of frequencies, from deep bass to high-frequency sounds. Audio professionals love them due to their wide frequency response and accurate sound.

In contrast to dynamic drivers, which use coils to push against the diaphragm the planar magnetic driver has no mechanical components that could meet with each the other and cause distortion. This is due to the fact that the conductors' flat surface is placed directly on the diaphragm rather than within a coil behind it.

A planar magnetic driver, however can drive a small and light diaphragm with an extremely powerful magnetic force, without loss of energy. In the end, the diaphragm can be driven with an even pressure, which prevents it from deforming and causing distortion.

The moment of inertia is the resistance to the rotation of an object. The formula I = mr2 may be used to calculate it. The shape of the object influences its minimum moment of inertia with longer and thinner objects having lower moments of inertia than larger and thicker objects.