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Planar Magnetic Loudspeakers and Ribbon Tweeters

Planar magnetic drivers such as ribbon tweeters, what is a Planar headphone and other dynamic speakers offer several advantages. Their large diaphragms need only the slightest amount of movement (excursion) and allow them to create the same sound as an ordinary speaker.

They also exhibit dipolar radiation patterns, meaning they radiate equally in front and behind the speaker.

High-Resolution Sound

They are known for producing accurate, detailed sounds. They are known to deliver high-resolution and reveal subtle nuances in the music that other drivers are unable to reproduce or show.

In addition to their remarkable accuracy In addition to their impressive accuracy, ribbon and planar drivers provide superior sound staging, allowing them to reproduce an expansive soundstage and exceptional clarity. This makes them a fantastic choice for audiophiles as well as home theater enthusiasts who want to listen to music to the fullest extent possible.

The most notable feature of ribbon and planar drivers is their dipole radiation pattern which radiates equal energy front and back, inverted phase to create a natural and spacious soundstage. Their wide dispersion and dipole radiation pattern makes them ideal for large spaces, where they are able to create an open and natural soundstage.

Planar magnetic drivers also have a rapid response time, which enables them reproduce transients with greater accuracy and speed than conventional cone drivers. This results in a clear and detailed sound even at higher frequencies.

Another benefit of planar magnetic drivers is their low distortion. It is because they don't utilize a voice-coil rather an electrostatic field. This allows the diaphragms move without causing vibrations that could cause unwanted distortion.

Additionally, the distance between the magnets in the planar driver is larger than that of a traditional cone speaker. This results in a greater frequency response and lower distortion at lower amplitudes while still providing excellent bass performance.

While many of the benefits of planar magnetic drivers appeal to you however, they have some limitations that need to be taken into consideration. For instance, they can be quite costly and require more power than other kinds of speakers. Also, they can be bulky and difficult to install in some spaces. They are also sensitive to the room acoustics and require extensive treatment of the room in order to get the best performance. There are several ways to alleviate these issues by incorporating an attenuation resistor (provided with your speakers) in the attenuation location, or by performing some type of room treatment.

Wide Dispersion

Like electrostatic speakers magnetic speakers produce sound through the regulation of the electrical current that flows through wires that are suspended between magnets. They vibrate a flat membrane directly, not using an electrostatic charge. This gives them greater surface area and better precision. This principle allows them to be incorporated into smaller and less expensive speakers and headsets than electrostatic models.

In addition to providing a wide dispersion, planar drivers deliver superior imaging and clarity of soundstage, especially in the upper frequencies where they excel. This is an excellent benefit for audiophiles who enjoy watching music or films on large screens or in an open space.

Planar drivers can also provide a very deep bass, since they can be augmented with boxed subwoofers connected to or separated from the membrane that resembles a ribbon. This is contrary to conventional cone-type speaker woofers, which are typically located in the bottom of the cabinet, a position that cannot reproduce bass frequencies because of the physical constraints of the woofer enclosure.

A planar driver has an extremely low distortion rate, which is directly correlated to the dimensions and travel of the diaphragm. This means that a planar speaker can produce a huge volume of sound with very little distortion, which is why it can produce such crisp and precise reproduction.

In contrast, the dynamic drivers used in traditional headphones and speakers typically have significant distortion when driven to extreme excursion limits. Dynamic drivers can create an enveloping sound or a boomy sound.

Planar magnetic drivers are extremely efficient. They are less energy-intensive to drive, which results in lower energy consumption and a less negative impact on the environment. Their diaphragms, which are typically smaller than traditional speakers, also reduce the energy needed to propel them to create a certain sound pressure.

While many audiophiles are familiar with planar/ribbon loudspeakers - particularly those made by Magnepan, Infinity, and Apogee Acoustics - a new generation of brands are coming onto the market. For instance new planar loudspeakers made by manufacturers like Diptyque and Clarisys Audio are incorporating the most recent advancements in ribbon technology.

Low Distortion

Planar magnetic speakers have very low distortion due to the fact that they don't use the conventional cone or dome-shaped diaphragm. This is due to their unique design that eliminates voice coil inductance that is common to dynamic driver drivers for speakers. (See U.S. patent 6,353,560). This guarantees that the diaphragm is never out of phase with the magnetic field surrounding it, which results in a constant output. Typically, distortion only occurs when high-amplitude waveforms are reproduced. With a single-ended planar magnetic driver distortion is virtually nonexistent at all frequencies above the bass.

In addition to their low distortion and low distortion, planar magnetic loudspeakers provide very high efficiency. This allows the drive to operate with much less power than is typically required by other types of speakers. This results in lower costs of ownership and lower energy consumption.

Planar magnetic drivers also have a significantly lower distortion compared to conventional dynamic speakers and even less distortion for electrostatic speakers. This is because the diaphragm, which is flat, of a planar magnetic driver has conductor trace which allows it to respond to magnetic fields created by magnets located on the opposite side of it.

The two magnets have to be carefully positioned so that the voice element is in the magnetic field optimally at all times. This allows magnetic drivers with planar design to operate at a very linear level in all frequencies above bass.

While there are many other benefits of planar magnetic drivers, the most important is the fact that they can to be constructed to be either dipole (radiating equally and in opposing phases in the front and back of the speaker, similar to an ESL) or monopole (radiating forward, more like an old-fashioned dynamic). This allows for a variety of designs, especially when used with a ribbon-tweeter.

A variety of planar magnetic loudspeakers are available today from companies such as Hifiman, Dan Clark, Audeze and Fostex. Each brand has their own unique sound that what is a planar headphone a result of their own patented driver configurations and other engineering innovations. The commonality of these speakers is their astonishing quality, dynamic and their controlled directivity.

High Power Handling

Planar magnetic drivers can handle lots of power, but without the audible strain or stress that is caused by traditional dynamic speakers that move. The "voice coil" is not squeezed into the narrow space between the cones and baskets as in traditional dynamic drivers. Instead, it is spread across more of a large area. This gives the voice coil more surface area to absorb any heat.

Another reason why planar drivers are able to handle so much power is because they have the smallest mass when in comparison to conventional drivers. Dynamic drivers use diaphragms with heavy, thick diaphragms that are orders of magnitude larger and thicker than ultra-light and thin diaphragms used in planar magnetic drivers. Because of their high mass, these diaphragms require a much larger amount of force to move back and forth (a measure known as excursion) to produce an equal amount of sound pressure.

Therefore they aren't able to be used as effectively as a planar magnetic driver could since the voice coil would begin to produce large amounts of distortion. This is why it's crucial to purchase only loudspeakers that are designed for the type of amplifier that you intend to drive them with.

The high excitation of a planar magnetic driver also enables it to create a wider soundstage than conventional drivers. This is because the diaphragm vibrates evenly and flat to create a wavefront, rather than the spherical wavefront that is common with conventional drivers. This wider soundstage increases the precision and detail of the speakers and allows them to reproduce subtle nuances as well as more complex sound effects.

The disadvantage of the superior power handling capabilities of planar magnetic drivers is that they are typically more expensive to make and require stronger amplifiers in order to operate at full capacity. They can also be quite heavy and bulky and can be difficult to install in some situations. You may also need to install a separate subwoofer in order to achieve satisfactory results at lower frequencies.