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How to Replace Window Panes

A damaged or cracked window is an inconvenience. It could be a chance to upgrade to energy-efficient windows or insulated ones and enjoy advantages like improved comfort, increased resale value and lower utility costs.

You can do it yourself for a fraction of what it would cost to employ an expert. It requires the right tools and only an hour or two of your time.

Glass

Replace your old single-paned windows with tempered or insulation glass to improve the efficiency of your energy, reduce noise, and maintain the historical integrity of your older home. The procedure of replacing a window pane is relatively simple and can be done by most homeowners who possess basic hand tools. You will also require an extra window pane, glazier's tips, pliers, and latex glazing putty. If needed, you can make use of a heat gun to warm the old putty. Before starting, put on gloves and safety glasses as working with broken glass can cause injuries.

Begin by removing any remaining broken pieces of glass. It is recommended to use pliers for this however a flathead could be useful as well. After that, use a wood chisel or putty knife to remove the rest of the old putty from around the frame and sash. Be careful to not scratch the window sash. Be careful and slow. This is best done on an elevated ladder, not on the ground. Also, ensure that someone lower to ensure it is held steady.

Make sure the window frame is ready to accept the new pane once you have removed the old glue. To allow for seasonal expansion or contraction, subtract 1/8 inch each from the measurements of width and height. Bring these measurements to the nearest hardware store or home center and get a piece of stock glass cut to size. Alternatively, you can cut the glass yourself if you have the right tools.

After putting in the new glass Apply a small amount of caulking to the edge. This will make the glass weatherproof. Then, you can install a glazier's pointing on the frame's opposite side to hold the pane in its place. The points shouldn't be so tight that they create friction between the frame and sash, but they should also not be loose.

Before applying the putty, work it in a gentle manner until it's soft and free of lumps. Then, roll it into pencil-size strips. Place the first strip to the corner of the frame, moving from one corner to the next so that it is smooth and even.

Glazier's Points

The glazier's points are the small triangular pieces of metal which help to secure glass into a window frame without scratching or damaging the fragile surface. Understanding how to use these hidden tiny pieces of help is simple and could save you money on a professional installation or the cost of new glass.

After removing the old putty, glazier points, and any other remnants, clean the frame thoroughly using a utility knife. If necessary it is necessary to lightly sand the wood along rabbet grooves to smooth rough spots. If you sand wood protect it with painter's tape to avoid accidental damage.

Take measurements of the empty frame and write down accurate measurements. Take these dimensions to a hardware store or home center and request that the new pane cut slightly smaller than the frame's opening. This will ensure that the pane fits comfortably and allows for expansion and contraction.

Place the new window in the frame and push it in place with your hand. Then, you can use the point of your chisel, or the back of the putty knife to make a tap on the glazier's points, as illustrated in Figure 11. After you're done, the points should be flush with the top edge of the pane and the shoulders of the points should be below the lip of the rabbet groove.

Apply a thin layer of glazing compound on the edges of the new glass and in the rabbet grooves to seal and protect them. Let it dry and cure fully.

Once the glazing compound has dried it's time to put in the new window sash. The first step is to coat the wood with a thick coat of Linseed oil. This will prevent the new putty from sucking in the moisture and deteriorating and cracking with time. Apply the coat using a brush or the edge of your putty knife, and then use the chisel, or the back end of the putty knife to gently press the new sash and glazier's points into the rabbet grooves. Repeat this process at intervals of 10 inches around the frame.

Putty

A baseball hit, a rock thrown in error, or a tree falling could result in a broken or cracked window pane. The majority of windows can be replaced easily by putting in a new piece. The glass is held in place by small clips made of metal called a glazier's point, and putty, which is often called glazing compound. Remove the old pane and clean the area using a rag, a pull-type scraper, or a wood chisel. Wear safety glasses and gloves when you work. If the window is attached to the frame, you'll have to employ a heat gun in order to soften the adhesive before taking it off.

If you are planning to replace your original sash, remove the molding that supports the old pane. Then you can sand the sash down to ensure it's smooth and ready for new caulk. Once the sash is re-installed and sanded, apply a fresh silicone caulk to the glass to ensure it will not leak or change color as time passes.

Remove the glazing points in the rabbets. These are the grooves in the sash, which is where the glass is. If they're difficult to work out, try placing a hand tool like a heat gun to soften them up first. If you're using a heat gun, be careful not to scratch the sash or its railings by holding the tool too closely.

Make the bed for your new pane after you have removed the old glaze points and putty. Roll a rope made of glazing compound between your fingers, and make it around 1/2 inch thick. Then, nearest push it into the rabbets in which the glass will sit. The glass must rest against the putty on both sides. If needed you want to tap your glass lightly into the rabbet with your thumb.

If the new pane is cracked, you can cover it with a solvent-based glue or silicone caulk prior to pressing it into the sash. If the crack is not sealed, you will need to use putty to keep water out. Once the putty is dry clean the oily film off of the glass and let it dry completely before painting. Paint after the putty has dried completely. It will not form a good seal and could discolor or leak over time.

Paint

You may be concerned about replacing a damaged piece of glass. It's true that replacing a single pane of glass doesn't have to be expensive when you do it on your own. In fact even windows with double glazing replacement windows panes can be replaced at only a fraction of the cost of a professional.

If you are working on a large-sized window, make sure it is securely fastened to the frame. This task can be done relatively easy and quick with the right tools and techniques.

Once you're ready to begin taking off the old window pane by removing the metal glazing points that are attached to it. They are basically tiny metal triangles that function as "nails" which hold the window in in the wood frame. They are placed under a bead or glazing putty which hardens into solid wedge that holds the frame securely in place and conceals the edges.

Once you have the old pane removed, clean up the surrounding frame and wood. Scrape off any paint that has been used, and sand the rabbet grooves where the glazing points were. Sand them to bare wood surfaces, so that you can paint the frames with the same color. After sanding the wood you can apply a layer flax oil. This will help extend its life.

Then, you need to measure the width of the window's opening. You will need to measure the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the entire opening as well as the thickness. To determine the exact dimensions of the new pane subtract 1/8 inch from both measurements. This will also allow for expansion and contraction of the glass during seasonal changes. You can take these measurements to a hardware store or home improvement store and have the glass cut for you.

Now, it's time to bed the new window pane. To do this, place the pane inside the frame and move it around until a 1/16 inch of putty remains between the edge of the glass and the sash on all four sides. Use a putty knife to smear the putty evenly, making sure that there isn't an excessive amount of excess putty in the corners and along the edges. When the putty dries, it can be painted with the same color as the frame to prevent water and air from leaking into the frame and causing fogging.