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proxy, also known as a proxy is often referred to for its role as a proxy server a software that acts as a mediator between a server and a client via the internet. Without proxy servers, users could send a request for any service directly from the server and then the server will provide the requested resource directly to the user. While this is a simple method to grasp and use however, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages in terms of better performance, privacy, security, among other things. Apart from adding a layer of protection the proxy also acts as a security guard to the internet, separating clients and servers.




In general, the combined package of server hardware along with installed proxy software is also often referred as a proxy server. This article we'll examine proxies commonly categorized as software, and in connection with web server. We will provide a description of the two main types of proxies, which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario that is often confused due to the overlap in names.




This article will provide you with the knowledge of what proxies and subtypes are and the ways they can be beneficial in a range of configurations. In this article, you'll be able discern the scenarios where a proxy is beneficial, and make the right choice between forward and reverse proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also referred to by the name of an open proxy acts as an agent for a user who is trying to send a request through the internet to an source server. In this case, every attempt to send a request by the client will instead be sent through an forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in the place of the client will review the request. It first decides if the client has been granted permission to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it'll either refuse requests or redirect them to the source server. It isn't able to direct connection directly to internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits it access to.




The most common reason for using forward proxy is to provide greater security or privacy when online. A forward proxy can connect to Internet as a "client", and through this manner, it connects an alternative IP address in addition to your client's IP address.




Depending on how it has been configured according to the configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions that allow users to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to give central security and access via permissions, such as in the workplace. The entire internet can go by an open forward proxy, administrators can restrict access for specific users to the internet, which is then filtered by the standard firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls on clients, which may be used by multiple computers that have different environments and types of users. A firewall may be located at this forward proxy layer.




Take note that forward proxies must be set up manually in order to allow the use of them, but reverse proxies won't be noticed by users. Based on the fact that an IP address from a client is transmitted to the source server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to consider when it comes to forward proxies.




Apache: A popular open-source web server, which offers forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open source forward proxy which makes use of the HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the whole web server. This is a step-by-step tutorial for setting up Squid proxy to allow secure connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP and is more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. You can also look at how to set up a Dante proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to a web server, handling incoming requests from clients in its place. This server can serve as a single server or as a set of servers. Furthermore, it could include an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any case it is possible to receive an inquiry from a client via the internet in general. In the majority of cases the request will be sent directly to the server hosting the data the customer is seeking. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that blocks your web server from communication with the internet's users.




From a consumer's point viewpoint, or an individual's view, interacting with reverse proxy isn't different from interacting with the server in its own. It's functionally identical to Web server and user cannot tell the distinction. Clients can request the resource and is then given it, with no further configuration from the user.




Reverse proxies grant features like:




Centralized security for web servers.


The direction of traffic that is incoming based on rules you can make.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse-proxies do this service to the web server layer but not to the layer of clients. Instead of implementing firewalls at the web servers that may comprise multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is centered on that layer called reverse proxy. Furthermore, removing the obligation of connecting to a firewall and interacting with requests from clients who do not have web servers lets them concentrate on providing the needs of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers hosted by a reverse proxy the reverse proxy takes care of directing the requests to which server. There could be multiple web servers offering the identical service, however each having different resources, or perhaps a mix of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol in the same way as traditional web servers, but they can also be equipped with protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to redirect clients to an individual server based on the requested resource or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxy solutions can also profit from their placement on top of web servers through caching functionality. Large static assets can be set up using caching rules to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow users to serve static content directly without having to connect to the web server at all. Furthermore the reverse proxy can be used to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy service. It is certain that Apache web server has a reverse proxy function, it's an additional option. Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially designed focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the perception of directionality, and misleading comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic These terms can be confusing since each type of proxy handles both requests and replies. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to think about the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is a crucial feature when building a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They act as your web server in any interaction with the internet.




Forward proxy applications are beneficial when it is put in front of customers for personal use, or even in a working environment. They can be used to represent the client's activity when you interact with the internet.




Utilizing case-based distinction instead of focusing only on the most common names can ensure that you don't become confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a "proxy" is and the two main kinds of them being forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of beneficial features was used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're considering how to set up proxies, check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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