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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server. It is piece of software acting as an intermediary a client and server over the internet. Without the proxy, a user would send a request for resources directly to a server and it would then serve the resource directly back for the client. This method is simple to understand and implement, however, adding proxy servers could bring benefits including improved speed and privacy, security and many more. As an additional layer of pass-through, the proxy serves as a guardian to the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the bundled system of server hardware and installed proxy software is also commonly called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies typically described as software and specifically in relation to web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of two types of proxies, the other being one that is a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and is often confused due to the resemblance of namesake convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies and subtypes are and their benefits for setups that are common. After reading in this post, you'll understand the situations when using proxies can be advantageous, and then choose the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as the open proxy is the agent of a user who would like to forward a request via the internet to an the server that originated it. In this case, all attempts to send requests made by the client's side will be routed directly to forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client will examine the request. The first step is to verify if the client is authorized to accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or send it to its origin server. The client is not able to have direct connection to the internet It can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxies is the increased privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet as clients and, in this manner it can use an IP address that is distinct from the original IP address of the client.




Depending on the way it's configured, forward proxy will grant a number of features in addition to the ability to:




Beware of Ad-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your area.




Forward proxies also are employed in systems that offer centralized security as well as permission-based access, like at work. If all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy Administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet through a single firewall. Instead of putting firewalls installed to protect the client layer which could include multiple machines that have different settings and environment the firewall is put in an forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note the forward proxy configurations must be manually set up to permit them to be used for use, while reverse proxies are able to not be detected by users. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to a user is passed on to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or kept in the dark.




There are numerous options to consider for forward proxy choices:




Apache An open source well-known web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx A renowned open-source server used for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete Web Server System. We recommend our article on the most efficient method of configuring Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better suited for scenarios like peer-to -peer traffic. You can also learn how to configure Dante proxy for secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to web servers and handles requests from clients for the web server. The web server may serve as a one server or multiple servers. In addition, it could be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any event, the request for an application comes by a user on the internet at large. Most of the time, the request will be sent directly to the web server that hosts the content that the client is searching for. The reverse proxy serves as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact via the web's public.




From a consumer's point the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting to your webserver directly. It's functionally similar, however the client can't discern the distinction. The client requests an item and gets it with no additional configuration needed for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Sending traffic to be directed according to rules you set.


Added functionality for caching.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this feature only to only the server layer and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of security firewalls in Web server layers that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority protection of the firewall is aimed towards the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interacting with a firewall and interacting with requests from clients off of web servers allows them to concentrate on serving the resources.




In the case of multiple servers with a reverse-proxy in place, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding what requests are directed to the server. There could be multiple web servers running on the same server, each offering different types of resources or a mix of the two. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They can also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to direct the clients towards specific servers based on the service requested or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their location over web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets can be set up with caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. Some solutions even allowing you to provide static files in a direct manner without linking to the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy can handle the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx webserver is an extremely popular reverse proxy option. However, it is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is also available equipped with reverse proxy option as an additional feature that is available for Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, and also misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers can handle requests as well as responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to look at the requirements of the application that you are developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you're designing a solution to host websites on the internet. They represent your web servers in any interaction with the Internet.




Forward proxy is a great tool to use when you are working with clients in front for personal usage, or even in a professional setting. They represent your client traffic whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction that is based on the use cases instead of focusing on the common name conventions can aid you in getting rid of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained what a proxy is as well as two types of them: the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and a discussion of the most useful features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning the ways to use proxies, we suggest you go through our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server for Apache using and Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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