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An proxy is also known as a proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without the use of a proxy, a user can send a request for an item directly to a server, and the server would deliver the resource directly to the client. Though this approach is simple to understand and implement, the addition of proxy servers can bring advantages in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and more. Alongside offering a security layer proxy servers also act as a security guardian for the internet, separating clients from servers.




The consensus is that the server hardware and proxy software are also referred to proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are usually classified as software and within the web server context. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use and can be confusing because of a similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the nature of proxies and the subtypes of them and how they function in normal configurations. In this article, you'll be able to recognize the circumstances where it's beneficial to utilize a proxy and choose the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In other words, a forward proxy sometimes called an open proxy is a proxy of a customer who wishes to forward a request via the internet to an source server. In this case, every request from the client will instead be routed direct through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting on the place of the client, will look into the request. It will first determine if this client is authorized to accept requests from this particular forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to reject an request and forward it to the original server. The client isn't able to access directly the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits its access.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in instead of a client and as such, it may use an IP address that is different from the IP address originally that the client uses.




Depending on how they've been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a wide range of choices and permit you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographical area.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and authorization based access, like in the workplace. When all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to certain clients to the internet and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer that may comprise a range of computers with different user and operating environments, the firewall could be put in the forward proxy layer.




It is important to note that settings for forward proxy must be configured manually to function in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxy settings are ignored by clients. Based on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the source server through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are many options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. Squid isn't a complete web server solution. Check out our step-by-step guide to install Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy which runs on the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it more suited to situations such as peer-to-topeer traffic. You can also look into the procedure for installing the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a proxy for a web server that handles incoming requests from clients in its place. Web servers can comprise one server or several servers. It could also be a server for applications such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request for an application comes from a user via the internet in general. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the data the user wants. Instead, a reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, protecting Web servers from direct interactions with the public internet.




From a consumer's point viewpoint, or a user's viewpoint, interfacing via a reverse proxy similar to using an internet server direct. It's exactly the same however the client cannot be able to discern the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it, without any additional configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can design.


The caching feature was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature to only the server layer, and it is not available to the client layer. Instead of managing firewalls for servers on the internet,, which can contain a variety of servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be concentrated on reverse proxy layers. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with a firewall as well as dealing with clients' requests outside of web servers permits them to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible for directing what requests go at which server. There may be several web servers offering the same content, or offering various types of resources or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server but they can include different protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to direct clients to specific servers based upon the resource requested or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also benefit from their position ahead of web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Large static assets can be set up using caching rules to prevent from hitting web servers on every request. There are even solutions that allow users to serve static files directly without having to connect to the web server even once. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a very popular reverse proxy option. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution, Apache is a reverse proxy service. Apache web server is also able to function complete with the reverse proxy feature as an additional feature of Apache whereas Nginx was designed initially to and is focused on its reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing because both types of proxy handle responses and requests. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to study the specifications of the application that you are building.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building a solution to provide web-based applications on the internet. They act as your web server for when you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is displayed in front of clients for personal use, or in an office environment. They represent your clients whenever you use the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined the meaning of a proxy using two types of proxy: the forward one and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of the most beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about the process of implementing proxies you can check out our guide on how you can set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy with Apache on Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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