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A ground connection is also necessary to ensure that the communicating devices have a common voltage reference. These steps greatly reduce the chance that the communicating devices might be damaged by contention on the SPI bus. To avoid contention on the RS485 bus, the application software must assure that only one transmitter is enabled at a time. The below image shows the transmitter and receiver circuit diagram for Arduino's long-distance wired communication. The circuit diagram given above explains how the onboard MAX485 IC is connected to various components and provide 0.1-inch standard spacing headers to be used with breadboard if you like. The arrows in the diagram point to pins configured as inputs, and originate from output pins. The cable shield must be earthed only in one point. Shield on communication cable is to remain continuous and ground only at the controller. 2 Alphanumeric LCD, and MAX485 UART to RS485 converter IC connected to each end of an Ethernet Cat-6E cable via an RJ45 connector.

Previously we have also performed MAX485 communication with Arduino and also MAX485 Communication with Raspberry pi, you can also check them out if interested. A modem (modulator/demodulator) provides a way of encoding digital data as a set of audio signals that can be sent over a telephone line. End of line termination resistor (120 ohm 1/4 watt) to be installed at both ends of network. A true multi-point network consists of multiple drivers and receivers connected on a single bus, where any node can transmit or receive data. On the other hand, RS485 is more industry-based communication which is developed for a network of multiple devices that can be used over long distances and at greater speeds too. At small transmission distances speeds up to 35Mbps can be realized with RS485 although the transmission speed will decrease with distance. At 1200m of transmission speed, you can use only 100kbps of transmission speed. Sig- lines are twisted as twisting nullify the effect of electromagnetic noise induced in a cable and provide a much better immunity against the noise which allows the RS485 to transmit the data up to 1200m of range.

We will send some data from the transmitter side over the cable from the Nano which is converted to RS485 signals via MAX RS485 Module working in Master Mode. Most of the low-cost sensors and other modules like GPS, Bluetooth, RFID, ESP8266, etc. which are commonly used with Arduino, Raspberry Pi in the market uses UART TTL based communication because it only requires 2 wires TX(Transmitter) and RX (Receiver). UART is an Asynchronous transmission device hence there is no clock signal to sync the data between the two devices instead it uses start and stop bits at the start and end of each data packet respectively to mark the extremities of the data being transferred. Serial 2 is implemented by a software UART in the controller’s QED-Forth Kernel that uses two of the processor’s PortA I/O pins to generate a serial communications channel. To provide a convenient means of attaching two grounds to the serial cable, there are several pins (labeled DGND) on the communications connector that are connected to the controller’s ground plane.

There are many categories of Ethernet cables we can use like CAT-4, CAT-5, CAT-5E, CAT-6, CAT-6A, etc. In our tutorial, we are going to use CAT-6E cable which has 4 twisted pairs of 24AWG wires and can support up to 600MHz. It is terminated at both ends by an RJ45 connector. Twisted pair also allows the transmission speeds to be much higher than what is possible with straight cables. In this case it is possible to connect the main inlet and outlet terminal directly to the terminals of an instrument without creating a branch. If on the other hand each terminal can accept only a single cable, a proper branch must be created using three auxiliary terminals for each instrument to be connected. In a finished instrument, either or both channels can be used to communicate with other serial devices, or with other computers and/or terminals using RS232 or RS485. If your computer does not have an RS232 serial port, low cost USB-to-RS232 serial cables are available; contact Mosaic Industries for details. The RS485 connections are not brought out to the Serial 1 Connector. It receives bytes sent by a slave device via the "master in/slave out" pin, MISO.

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