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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the perfect cup of coffee. What exactly is it that makes it work?

Espresso is made by pushing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the major difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter that you insert when brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing water into the portafilter, and controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are a variety of types of group heads, each with their particular advantages and drawbacks. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. Some have a combination, such as the E61. This is a favorite among baristas due to the fact that it has multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head comes with many notches in which you can place your portafilter and then twist it with your hands to lock it in. A rubber gasket is located in the notches to create a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head allow for an exact placement of the portafilter, which is vital for an efficient extraction.

The group head not only lets you to insert your portafilter easily however, it also keeps a constant temperature. This is accomplished by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew-basket, making sure that the temperature is always at the right level to extract the coffee. It is important to remember that even a few degree differences can make the distinction between a great and a great espresso.

The Pump

The motorized pumps that are used in rotary espresso machines supply the nine atmospheric bar pressure required to extract best espresso maker. This differs from manually operated piston machines that employ levers. The pressure builds up by removing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being shot through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps are typically less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines can deteriorate because of excessive use and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which could increase the price of even the simplest models.

Certain espresso machines can eliminate the pump entirely and make use of steam pressure to make espresso. The drawback of this is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water to the point of boiling which can cause over-extraction. In addition these machines typically have to restore their pressure between cups, which requires time and energy.

A majority of espresso machines utilize the rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model uses a rotating disk to generate pressure, whereas a circular model pushes hot liquid through the ground at high speed. Both types of machines can produce an excellent espresso, but rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part that heats water to an ideal temperature for extraction. The steam produced reaches the portafilter, which is a container for espresso grounds. The steam is then channeled into the cup. The steam causes enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This creates a layer crema on top. This is one of the main characteristics of a good espresso.

There are three distinct types of espresso machines, each with a different type of pump and the temperature of the brew. There are also different ways in which the brew could be controlled and the size of the cup that the machine can produce.

The first espresso machines were steam-type. The earliest espresso machines were steam-type machines. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. The modern espresso machine was created by the Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most common espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they picture these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself however the pump controls the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and mechanized consistency.

The Filter

Typically, espresso machines have filters to separate the coffee grounds as they pass through the hot water. The filter is also an essential component of the machine's temp control, since it stops overheating.

It also aids in flavor, as it lets you enjoy a longer bloom phase. This helps the beans release their flavors and provides an opportunity for better extraction.

However, it is important to keep in mind that even a great filter can make a terrible cup of coffee, as the quality espresso machine of the beans and extraction is important.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes espresso taste good. The grouphead, also referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the device you put the ground coffee into) sits when you're making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water heated in an airtight container to make steam. The steam then pushes hot water through grounds of the coffee under pressure. These machines are cheaper and easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They utilize an air compressor to force hot water through the grounds and are much more portable than electric steam-driven machines.