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Although improvements made in Computing advance at an incredible speed, devices or machines that could be considered as a kind of primitive computers have been projected, or have been tentatively or effectively built, for the last two hundred to four hundred years. Taking the word "computer" in its etymological sense of "counter" or "calculator", some of those primitive computers are: -The calculation devices of John Napier in 1617, of William Oughtred in 1621-1627, and of Bissaker in 1654. -The calculator machines of Heinrich Schickart in 1623, of Blaise Pascal in 1642-1652, of Sir Samuel Morland about 1660, of Wilhelm Leibnitz in 1694, and of Mattieu Hahn in 1779. Besides those purely mathematical calculators, the first automatic machines were built by M. Falcon in 1728, by Basile Bouchon in those years, and by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801-1804. The first mechanic computers were tentatively built by Charles Babbage in 1821-1834 and in 1834-1871, although they were never finished by him. To include one or another Basic dialect in the Read Only Memory of a microcomputer became a common practice for many makers of microcomputers in the second half of the 1970's, all of the 1980's, and the first half of the 1990's. The first dialects of Basic were limited to 64 Kilobytes of programme size.

With later improvements, Lisp was until the 1990's the most used language for Artificial Intelligence, being still used in the early XXI century. Therefore computers using other character encodings may render some characters inaccurately, but hopefully, it will still be possible to read non-English words without too much difficulty. This structure would not be in orbit around the Sun, but static, remaining aloft using the radiation pressure of catching and reflecting solar energy. Build an enormous lightweight "hat" for the Sun, which catches the Sun's rays. Gravity assistance. This is a method originally proposed as a means of moving Earth to a higher orbit around the Sun in order to save it from the Sun's inevitable Red Giant expansion. It is the first use of the term "bit" (binal digit or binary digit), although the concept of a minimal unit of information based on one of two possible states had already been proposed by Konrad Zuse, who called it a "JA - NEIN" ("YES - NO", in German). While there were issues with celluloid pool balls, Mr. Hyatt found one of the first synthetic plastics.

Suppose that there were ten billion people (another overestimate - there are about 6.4 billion at the time of writing). I'm here in Vietnam and when we go to some pool halls, tons of locals are playing this game with only three balls, on tables with no pockets. Basically, the point here is that modelling impacts like these is a tricky business. Integrated circuits only became a possibility when Jean Hoerni invented the flat transistor in December 1958. 1952: IBM 700, by International Business Machines, built of vacuum tubes. Algol, Algorithmic Language: intended as another lingua franca of programming, it was created in 1958 by an international committee assembled in Zurich. Created in 1983 by R. Holt, J. Colby and J. Hume (University of Toronto), it claims to be "easier than Basic, yet more elegant than Pascal or PL1" (see also the Euphoria language). Ceres, the solar system's largest asteroid, has less than 1/40,000th the mass of Earth; the Moon, a mere 1/80th. These objects are the heaviest you're likely to find - there are heavier moons and entire planets you could consider using, but to be honest from this point of view it looks more like using a succession of hundreds, thousands or tens of thousands of smaller asteroid impacts would be a better bet.

Plan it right, and you can couple it together with the Earth with gravity alone, using the solar wind to balance out the Earth's gravitational attraction. Moving the Sun is about 6 orders of magnitude more difficult than moving the Earth but the Sun is continuously emitting energy which can be productively harnessed for this purpose. Suppose everybody on the planet weighed 100kg (which is an overestimate, 70kg is more like it, probably less). It involves asteroids, like the above method, only instead of direct impacts, this time we just steer them past the Earth, allowing rock and planet to exchange a little momentum, with the result of an Earth moving on a slightly different track and an asteroid moving on a significantly different one. You could reuse the same asteroid again and again, looping it around a few gas giants and back to gain lots more kinetic energy from those gas giants in the same way that Earth just gained velocity from the rock. History of Computing Including advances in Mathematics, Physics, Electronics and related disciplines The false notion of the computer as a "modern" invention The impressive boom of computers in the last few years makes many ignorants think that they represent a totally new invention, but it is not so.

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