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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the perfect cup of coffee. What exactly is it?

To make espresso hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to that of making drip coffee. However it is the pressure that makes the main difference.

The Group Head

As the name suggests the group head is the place you place your portafilter while making espresso. It disperses water in the portafilter, and regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are a variety of group heads each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Some are focused on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. There are even some that include a mix of features, such as the E61 that is the classic choice among many baristas for its ability to provide multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see from the above photo the head of the group is fitted with several notches. You place your portafilter inside these notches, and then twist the head to lock it. There is also a rubber gasket which is located inside the notches, which helps create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches permit precise placement of your portafilter. This is vital for a consistent extraction.

The group head does not just allow you to place your portafilter easily however, it also keeps the same temperature. This is accomplished by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is always at the right level for extraction. It is important to remember that even a few degree deviation can make the difference between a good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to manual piston machines which rely on a lever that pressurize water, Rotary commercial espresso machine machines rely on motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure necessary to extract espresso. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer. However, both types of machine can become damaged due to excessive use and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can increase the cost of even simple models.

Some espresso machines employ steam pressure instead of a pump in order to brew espresso machine black friday. The drawback is that the boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water until it reaches boiling, which can lead to over-extraction. In addition these machines typically have to rebuild their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines make use of a vibration or rotary pump, which has a vibration model that uses a vibrating disc to create the pressure, and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds under high speed. Both types of machines can produce an excellent espresso, however rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part that heats the water to the optimal temperature for extraction. The resulting steam is then transferred to the portafilter containing the ground espresso coffee and is then pumped into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure to push through the coffee grounds. This results in a layer crema on top. This is one of the hallmarks of a great espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, and they differ in the kind of pump they use and how hot the espresso is. There are different ways in which the brew can be controlled and the size of the cup that the machine is capable of making.

The earliest espresso machines were steam types. They utilized only one boiler to make both steam and brew but the pressure they could create was minimal - two bars of atmospheric pressure at most. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is the reason Milanese producers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni developed the modern espresso machine.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic model with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they imagine these machines. If you have a semi-automatic machine you need to grind the beans and then tamp them by hand. However, the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a great solution that combines human control with mechanised consistency.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually use filters that separate the grounds of the coffee from hot water. The filter is also an important part of the temperature control system, because it stops the machine from overheating.

A filter also improves flavor as it allows for an extended flowering time. This helps the beans to release their nuances and gives an opportunity for better extraction.

However it is crucial to keep in mind that even a top filter can produce a bad cup of coffee, since the quality of the beans and extraction is still essential.

This is where the magic happens. It's what makes an espresso really taste great. The grouphead, sometimes called the brew head, is where the portafilter (the thingy you put the coffee ground into) sits when you're making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso machine hot water is heated in an airtight tank to create steam. This is then pushed through the grounds at a high pressure. These machines are less expensive and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited for creating the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to force hot water into the grounds and are much more portable than steam-driven electric espresso maker machines.