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Triangular racks are used for eight-ball, straight pool, one-pocket, bank pool, snooker and many other games. Traditional racks are in the form of triangular frames, usually made from wood, plastic or metal. Unlike traditional racks, template racks are left on the table during the break shot and removed at the players' earliest convenience. Diamond-shaped frames are sometimes used for the game of nine-ball (although a triangular rack can also be used) and template racks come in a variety of shapes. If dissatisfied with the position left after a foul, the next player may nominate the opponent who committed the foul to play again from where the balls have come to rest. At the end of each shot, the cue ball remains in the position where it has come to rest (unless it has entered a pocket, where it is returned to the "D") ready for the next shot. Each player has a cue stick (or simply a "cue"), not less than 3 ft (91.4 cm) in length, which is used to strike the cue ball. The player must then pot another red ball followed by another colour.

When the final ball is potted, the player with the most points wins the frame. When playing away from a touching ball, the player is not required to strike another object ball. The tip of the cue must only make contact with the cue ball and is never used for striking any of the reds or colours directly. If a player is awarded a free ball with all 15 red balls still in play, they can potentially make a break exceeding 147, with the highest possible being a 155 break, achieved by nominating the free ball as an extra red, then potting the black as the additional colour after potting the free-ball red, followed by the 15 reds with blacks, and finally the colours. If, after a foul, the next player cannot cleanly strike both sides of the object ball, the referee may call a free ball, allowing the player to nominate any other ball in place of the object ball they might normally have played. At the start of each player's turn, the objective is to first pot a red ball, unless all reds are off the table, or the player has been awarded a free ball, which allows them to nominate another object ball instead of a red.

The rules also vary depending on whether the cue ball or fifteenth ball are resting on the table's head spot. Play then continues with the cue ball shot from where it rested and the fifteenth ball from where it rested prior to racking. A snooker ball set consists of twenty-two unmarked balls: fifteen reds, six colour balls, and one white cue ball. Intragame racking employs a separate set of rules from those in place at the game's start. Jack Broughton, champion of England from 1734 to 1750, brought order to the sport by developing rules. Purported benefits of template racks include a more consistent racking, and their popularity has warranted specific inclusion in profession rules. Because the game is played to a number of points normally far in excess of the fifteen points total available in the initial rack (in tournament play, one-hundred fifty points), multiple intragame racks are necessary. For this reason, template racks are almost never used for games where it is common to slow-break (i.e. not create a large spread of balls) since it is significantly more likely that the rack will interfere with slow-rolling balls. Players will often play on even when there are not enough points available for them to win, hoping to force their opponent into playing foul shots by laying snookers.

The player must then play away from that ball without moving it or else the player will concede penalty points. Even if the cue ball is struck in precisely the same manner, the effect of the nap will differ according to whether the ball is directed towards the baulk line or towards the opposite end of the table. All points scored in the break before the foul was committed are awarded to the striker, but no points are scored for any ball pocketed during the foul shot. Straight pool is played to a specific number of points agreed on prior to the match's start, with each pocketed ball being worth one point to the shooter. At that time, the fourteen pocketed balls are racked with no apex ball, and the rack is so placed so that if the apex ball were in the rack, its center would rest directly over the table's foot spot. After the initial rack, the balls are played until only the cue ball and one object ball remain on the table's surface. A modern variation, called a template rack, is made from a thin material (usually 0.14 mm or less) that contains precision cut-outs to hold the balls in place.

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