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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover you're likely to know that different types of beans have distinct flavor profiles. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, more tart flavor profile and are often utilized in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world, making up 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta. They also come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee may vary widely depending on the growing conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds realized that their goats were more energetic after eating the fruit, and the cultivation of coffee soon began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are able to thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the most delicious kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops are focused on using ethically-sourced arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique coffees, which can be used in many different brewing techniques. Blending allows control over the aroma, taste and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is generally preferred to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica and is able to be grown in less favorable climates. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sun. It produces more strong coffee beans per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you've noticed the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a bag of coffee then it's likely that there's some robusta as well.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans but the majority do blend the two varieties to reduce costs and preserve the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to select a premium bean from a supplier you are confident with. This can be done by purchasing your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is like a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are added to other coffee beans unroasted bean types to provide them with a more rich and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal to grow at home. You can find the seeds online from many sources, however it is recommended to purchase locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but has been re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee bean suppliers beans with an oval shape are found on large coffee plants that can reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique taste is both tart and sour, making them a popular choice for house blends. They are also lighter on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have a distinctive quality of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. They were considered to be to be a different species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of barista coffee beans. These beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious flavor. They're often used in blends to add extra body and a full, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most popular and are renowned for their an apricot-like flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They also have a little of acidity. When properly roasted and brewed, they can have notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee bean suppliers beans you can now choose the perfect cup. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors opt for an arabica or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.